Runway designators are determined from the approach direction, are provided at the threshold of a paved runway and adhere to the following set of requirements:

The runway designation marking consists of a solid white two-digit number and on parallel runways is supplemented with a solid white letter. The letters, differentiate between left (L), right (R), or center (C) parallel runways, as applicable.
The runway number is the whole number nearest one‐tenth the magnetic azimuth of the centerline of the runway, measured clockwise from the magnetic north. When the result would generate a single-digit number, it is preceded by a zero. For example, where the magnetic azimuth is 90° the runway designator would be 09.
In cases of aerodromes located within the boundaries of Northern Domestic Airspace (NDA), true azimuth rather than magnetic azimuth is used.

The runway number is the whole number nearest one‐tenth the magnetic azimuth of the centerline of the runway, measured clockwise from the magnetic or true north.

Definitions

Azimuth: The angle between North, measured clockwise around the observer’s horizon. A synonym for bearing.
Bearing: The horizontal direction to or from any point, usually measured clockwise from true north or magnetic north. A synonym for azimuth.
Magnetic north: The direction in which the north end of a compass needle or other freely suspended magnet will point in response to the earth’s magnetic field. It deviates from true north over time and from place to place because the earth’s magnetic poles are not fixed in relation to its axis.
Runway threshold: The beginning of the portion of the runway usable for landing.

References

TP 312 Aerodromes Standards and Recommended Practices

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