Aerodromes and Airports
Aerodrome Markers and Markings
Aerodrome Lighting
Permits, Licensing and Ratings
Airspace Structure, Classification and Use
Other Airspace Divisions
Operating and Flight Rules
Operational and Emergency Equipment Requirements
Operations in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
Normal and Emergency Radiocommunications
Aircraft Equipment Requirements
Aircraft Maintenance Requirements
Transportation Safety Board (TSB)
Air Traffic Services and Procedures
Theory of Flight
Flight Controls
Airframes, Engines and Systems
Design of the Wing
Aircraft Stability
Pitot-Static System
Magnetic Compass
Gyroscopic Instruments
Winter Operations
Mountain Flying Operations
Wheelbarrowing and Groundloops
Hydroplaning
Use of Performance Charts
Weight and Balance
Wake Turbulence, Jet Blast and Propeller Blast
Aviation Physiology
Aviation Psychology
The Earth's Atmosphere
Atmospheric Pressure
Heating and Cooling of the Atmosphere
Moisture, Clouds and Precipitation
Stability and Instability
Surface Based Layers
Turbulence
Wind
Air Masses
Fronts
Thunderstorms
Aviation Weather Reports
Aviation Forecasts
Radio Wave Theory
Non Directional Beacons and Automatic Direction Finders
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
Other Radio and Radar Aids
Flight Planning
Cross Country Procedures
Practice Exams

Mandatory Instruction Signs

General Information

  • Used to identify runway designations, holding positions, NO-ENTRY areas, and obstacle-free zones where pilots must receive further ATC clearance to proceed.
  • At uncontrolled aerodromes, pilots are required to hold at points marked by these signs until they have ascertained that there is no conflict.
  • Mandatory instruction signs have white letters, numbers, or symbols against a red background and are installed typically on both sides of a taxiway or runway.

Runway Designation Sign

A runway designation sign is installed at all taxiway/runway and runway/runway intersections at certified aerodromes. The sign, when installed at the runway end, shows the designator of the departure runway. Signs installed at locations other than the runway ends shall show the designator for both runways.

Category I, II, III Holding Position Signs

Installed to protect the ILS critical area during IFR precision operations. CAT I, CAT II, and CAT III holding position signs are installed to protect the ILS critical area during IFR precision operations. A sign is installed on each side of the taxiway in line with the CAT I/II/III hold position marking. The inscription will consist of the designator of the runway and the inscription CAT I, CAT II, CAT III, or a combination, as appropriate.

No Entry Sign

A NO-ENTRY sign will be located at the beginning and on both sides of the area to which entrance is prohibited.

APCH Sign

Located at a runway holding position that has been established for the protection of approach or departure paths. The airport configuration may be such that these holding positions are located on runways or taxiways.

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