Runways are generally dimensioned to accommodate an aircraft considered to be the critical aircraft. To identify the critical aircraft, flight manual performance data of a variety of aircraft is examined. Once the critical aircraft has been defined, the longest distance determined after analyzing both take-off and landing performance is used as the basis for runway dimensions. Runways can be categorized into one of three types: non-instrument runways, non-precision runways and precision runways. This section will briefly introduce the three types of runways and the following sections will discuss various markings found on them.
A runway intended for the operation of aircraft using visual approach procedures. Consists of the runway designation and runway centreline.
A runway served by instrument navigation aids that provide at least lateral guidance adequate for an instrument approach procedure down to a Height Above Touchdown (HAT) lower than 500 feet but not lower than 250 feet. Consists of markings present on non-instrument runways, the threshold marking and the aiming point.
A runway served by instrument navigation aids that provide lateral and vertical guidance adequate for an instrument approach procedure down to a HAT lower than 250 feet. Consists of markings present on a non-precision runway, the touchdown zone marking and side stripes.
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